farblose Flüssigkeit, leichter Geruch. Mischbar mit Wasser, mischbar in alkohol\aromatic Kohlenwasserstoff\ester\Hydrocarbons\Organische Lösungsmittel wie oils.inflammable, meetOxidationsmittel Explosiv. Für Gewürze\Lebensmittel, auch als Lösungsmittel verwendet. Es wird normalerweise durch Veresterung von Milchsäure und Ethanol in Schwefelsäure erhalten.
Synthetische Schaltung 1
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Rhodium(1+), bis[(2,3,5,6-η)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene]-, tetrafluoroborate(…
,
Ferrocene, 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2′-bis[(1S)-1-[(diphenylphosphino)methy…
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
16 h, 20 atm, 25 °C
Referenz
Preparation of tetradentate ferrocenophosphine ligands and their use as enantioselective hydrogenation catalysts
,
World Intellectual Property Organization,
,
,
Synthetische Schaltung 2
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Poly[nitrilo(dimethylphosphoranylidyne)]
,
[(1,2,5,6-η)-1,5-Cyclooctadiene][(1,2,3,4,5,6-η)-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene]ruthenium
Solvents:
Tetrahydrofuran
;
10 h, 1 atm, 45 °C
1.2
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
6 h, 1 atm, 25 °C
Referenz
Supported ruthenium nanoparticles on polyorganophosphazenes: preparation, structural and catalytic studies
Spitaleri, Andrea;
Pertici, Paolo;
Scalera, Nico;
Vitulli, Giovanni;
Hoang, Manh; et al,
Inorganica Chimica Acta,
2003,
352,
61-71
Synthetische Schaltung 3
1.1
Reagents:
Methanamine, tetrahydrofluoride
Solvents:
Methanol
Referenz
Methylammonium fluoride (MAF): a convenient reagent for silicon-oxygen bond cleavage
Solladie-Cavallo, A.;
Khiar, N.,
Synthetic Communications,
1989,
19(7-8),
1335-40
Synthetische Schaltung 4
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Platinum
Solvents:
Toluene
;
6 h, 100 psi, 25 °C
Referenz
Enantioselective hydrogenation of α-ketoesters over alkaloid-modified platinum nanowires
Erathodiyil, Nandanan;
Gu, Hongwei;
Shao, Huilin;
Jiang, Jiang;
Ying, Jackie Y.,
Green Chemistry,
2011,
13(11),
3070-3074
Synthetische Schaltung 5
1.1
Catalysts:
Tin(II) triflate
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
4 h, 140 °C
1.2
Reagents:
Sodium bicarbonate
Solvents:
Water
;
neutralized
Referenz
Understanding the role of the substrate and the metal triflate acidic catalyst in sugar platform biorefineries: A comprehensive systematic approach to catalytic transformations of (poly)carbohydrates in ethanol
Bodachivskyi, Iurii;
Kuzhiumparambil, Unnikrishnan;
Williams, D. Bradley G.,
Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam,
2020,
(2020),
Synthetische Schaltung 6
1.1
30 min, 45 °C
1.2
Catalysts:
Silicic acid (H4SiO4), tetraethyl ester, polymer with triethoxymethylsilane
;
rt; 6 h, 90 °C
Referenz
Mesoporous Methyl-Functionalized Sn-Silicates Generated by the Aerosol Process for the Sustainable Production of Ethyl Lactate
Vivian, Alvise;
Fusaro, Luca;
Debecker, Damien P.
;
Aprile, Carmela,
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
2018,
6(11),
14095-14103
Synthetische Schaltung 7
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Iridium
(nanoparticles)
;
2.5 h, 4 atm, 75 °C
Referenz
Iridium nanoparticles prepared in ionic liquids: An efficient catalytic system for the hydrogenation of ketones
Fonseca, Gledison S.;
Scholten, Jackson D.;
Dupont, Jairton,
Synlett,
2004,
(9),
1525-1528
Synthetische Schaltung 8
1.1
Catalysts:
Sulfuric acid
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
2 h, 150 °C
Referenz
Separation of lactic acid from diluted solution by hybrid short path evaporation and reactive distillation
Komesu, Andrea;
Rocha de Oliveira, Johnatt Allan;
Maciel, Maria Regina Wolf;
Maciel Filho, Rubens,
Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
2016,
10(6),
271-276
Synthetische Schaltung 9
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Ruthenium
,
6A-[4-[[[(2S)-2-Amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-…
(methylated)
Solvents:
Water
;
6 h, 20 bar, rt
Referenz
β-Cyclodextrins grafted with chiral amino acids: A promising supramolecular stabilizer of nanoparticles for asymmetric hydrogenation?
Chau, Nguyet Trang Thanh;
Guegan, Jean-Paul;
Menuel, Stephane;
Guerrero, Miguel;
Hapiot, Frederic; et al,
Applied Catalysis,
2013,
(2013),
497-503
Synthetische Schaltung 10
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine
,
Ruthenium
(complex stabilization with substituted pyridine)
,
Carbon
,
[(1,2,5,6-η)-1,5-Cyclooctadiene][(1,2,3,4,5,6-η)-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene]ruthenium
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
2.5 h, 40 bar, 50 °C
Referenz
Ruthenium nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Highly effective catalytic system for hydrogenation processes
Jahjah, Mohamad;
Kihn, Yolande;
Teuma, Emmanuelle;
Gomez, Montserrat,
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,
2010,
332(1-2),
106-112
Synthetische Schaltung 11
1.1
Reagents:
Cinchonidine
,
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Ruthenium
,
Poly[(2R)-1-oxo-2-phenyl-1,3-propanediyl]
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
1 h, 40 bar, rt
Referenz
Stabilization of Pd, Pt and Ru nanoparticles by optically active CO/styrene copolymers
Favier, Isabelle;
Picurelli, David;
Pradel, Christian;
Durand, Jerome;
Milani, Barbara; et al,
Inorganic Chemistry Communications,
2010,
13(6),
766-768
Synthetische Schaltung 12
1.1
Solvents:
Water
;
2 h, 80 °C
Referenz
Alkyl carboxylate preparation method and preparation apparatus
,
Korea,
,
,
Synthetische Schaltung 13
1.1
Solvents:
Ethanol
;
0.5 h, 45 °C; rt; 6 h, 90 °C
Referenz
Selective conversion of trioses to lactates over Lewis acid heterogeneous catalysts
Li, Li;
Stroobants, Christophe;
Lin, Kaifeng;
Jacobs, Pierre A.;
Sels, Bert F.; et al,
Green Chemistry,
2011,
13(5),
1175-1181
Synthetische Schaltung 14
Referenz
Method for producing ethyl lactate by reactive dividing-wall distillation column process
,
China,
,
,
Synthetische Schaltung 15
1.1
Reagents:
Trimethylphosphine
Solvents:
Tetrahydrofuran
;
2 h, rt
Referenz
Reduction of activated carbonyl groups by alkyl phosphines: formation of α-hydroxy esters and ketones
Zhang, Wen;
Shi, Min,
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,
2006,
(2006),
1218-1220
Synthetische Schaltung 16
Referenz
Method and device for reactive distillation and membrane coupling in tower
,
China,
,
,
Synthetische Schaltung 17
1.1
Reagents:
Hydrogen
Catalysts:
Rhodium
,
Aluminum hydroxide oxide
Solvents:
Hexane
;
1 h, rt
Referenz
Rhodium and iridium nanoparticles entrapped in aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers: catalysts for hydrogenations of arenes and ketones at room temperature with hydrogen balloon
Park, In Soo;
Kwon, Min Serk;
Kang, Kyung Yeon;
Lee, Jae Sung;
Park, Jaiwook,
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis,
2007,
,
2039-2047
Synthetische Schaltung 18
1.1
Reagents:
Formic acid
,
Sodium formate
Catalysts:
Rhodium(1+), (2,2′-bipyridine-κN1,κN1′)chloro[(1,2,3,4,5-η)-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethy…
;
1.5 h, pH 3.5, 40 °C
Referenz
Transfer hydrogenation of a variety of ketones catalyzed by rhodium complexes in aqueous solution and their application to asymmetric reduction using chiral Schiff base ligands
Himeda, Yuichiro;
Onozawa-Komatsuzaki, Nobuko;
Sugihara, Hideki;
Arakawa, Hironori;
Kasuga, Kazuyuki,
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,
2003,
195(1-2),
95-100
Synthetische Schaltung 19
Referenz
Efficient energy-saving ethyl lactate reactive distillation production method and device
,
China,
,
,