| MDL | MFCD00075680 |
| InChIKey | NEZONWMXZKDMKF-SNVBAGLBSA-N |
| Inchi | 1S/C16H16O5/c1-8(2)3-4-10(17)9-7-13(20)14-11(18)5-6-12(19)15(14)16(9)21/h3,5-7,10,17-19H,4H2,1-2H3/t10-/m1/s1 |
| SMILES | O([H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C(C2=C(C([H])=C([H])C(=C2C1=O)O[H])O[H])=O |
| BRN | 2058010 |
| LogP | 2.12040 |
| PSA | 94.83000 |
| 折射率 | 1.642 |
| 沸点 | 567.4℃ at 760mmHg |
| 熔点 | 147-149°C |
| 蒸气压 | 5.1X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C (est) |
| 闪点 | 311°C |
| 溶解度 | Practically insoluble in aqueous solutions |
| 颜色与性状 | Purple powder |
| 溶解性 | 溶于苯乙醚、丙酮、氯仿、甲醇、乙醇、甘油、动植物油和碱性水溶液，溶于水。 |
| 密度 | 1.3730 |
| 精确分子量 | 288.10000 |
| 氢键供体数量 | 3 |
| 氢键受体数量 | 5 |
| 可旋转化学键数量 | 3 |
| 同位素质量 | 288.1 |
| 重原子数量 | 21 |
| 复杂度 | 501 |
| 同位素原子数量 | 0 |
| 确定原子立构中心数量 | 1 |
| 不确定原子立构中心数量 | 0 |
| 确定化学键立构中心数量 | 0 |
| 不确定化学键立构中心数量 | 0 |
| 共价键单元数量 | 1 |
| 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP） | 3 |
| 互变异构体数量 | 15 |
| 表面电荷 | 0 |
| 拓扑分子极性表面积 | 94.8 |
| 分子量 | 288.29 |
| EINECS | 6492 |
| 海关编码 | 2914690090 |
| 海关数据 |
中国海关编码：2914690090概述：2914690090 其他醌. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无 最惠国关税:5.5% 普通关税:30.0% Summary：2914690090 other quinones。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0% |
| 方法 | 紫草(LithosperMUMEUCHROMOM;Macritomiaeuchroma)根经用乙醇、丙二醇、食用油、水等萃取而得。乙醇萃取者性能较稳定。紫草根主要产于我国西北新疆等地。 以紫草的根为原料，在165～170℃下用4倍量(质量)精制的豆油浸提6min，然后用稍多于豆油的95%的乙醇(体积比)分2次萃取浸提液；乙醇萃取液在80kPa的真空度下浓缩，再滤去不溶物即得成品。 |
| 用途 | 食用紫色色素。用于辣味肉禽类罐头着色，用量0.35～0.56g/kg。可将压碎的紫草置于细筛内，以160～170℃的热油浇于其上，使色素溶于油内。油经细筛流出，与容器内的辣椒粉混合，经充分搅匀后熬制成混合酱备用。 作食品着色剂，我国规定可用于果汁(味)饮料类、果酒、雪糕和冰棍，最大使用量为0.1g/kg。 |
1.
Metabolic profiling study of shikonin's cytotoxic activity in the Huh7 human hepatoma cell line
E. D. Spyrelli,A. V. Kyriazou,C. Virgiliou,A. Nakas,O. Deda,V. P. Papageorgiou,A. N. Assimopoulou,H. G. Gika Mol. BioSyst. 2017 13 841
2.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of shikonin thio-glycoside derivatives: new anti-tubulin agents
Hong-Yan Lin,Hong-Wei Han,Li-Fei Bai,Han-Yue Qiu,De-Zheng Yin,Jin-Liang Qi,Xiao-Ming Wang,Hong-Wei Gu,Yong-Hua Yang RSC Adv. 2014 4 49796
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Modeling of hyperbranched polyesters as hosts for the multifunctional bioactive agent shikonin
I. Tanis,K. Karatasos,A. N. Assimopoulou,V. P. Papageorgiou Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011 13 10808
4.
Box–Behnken designed adsorption based elution – unique separation process for commercially important acetyl shikonin from Arnebia nobilis
Shankar Subramaniam,Anbumathi Palanisamy,Aravind Sivasubramanian RSC Adv. 2015 5 6265
5.
Excited state deactivation mechanisms in Shikonin rationalized from its naphthoquinone parent structures
Catarina M. Pinto,Jo?o Pina,Estefanía Delgado-Pinar,J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2022 24 20348
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Electrochemical and theoretical analysis of the reactivity of shikonin derivatives: dissociative electron transfer in esterified compounds
Georgina Armendáriz-Vidales,Carlos Frontana Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014 12 6393
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Design, synthesis and mechanism of novel shikonin derivatives as potent anticancer agents
Shahla Karim Baloch,Lin Ma,Xue-Liang Wang,Jing Shi,Yu Zhu,Feng-Yao Wu,Yan-Jun Pang,Gui-Hua Lu,Jin-Liang Qi,Xiao-Ming Wang,Hong-Wei Gu,Yong-Hua Yang RSC Adv. 2015 5 31759
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Acetyl shikonin induces IL-12, nitric oxide and ROS to kill intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani in infected hosts
Mamilla R. Charan Raja,Sujatha Srinivasan,Shankar Subramaniam,Narendran Rajendran,Aravind Sivasubramanian,Santanu Kar Mahapatra RSC Adv. 2016 6 61777
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Jacalin-capped silver nanoparticles minimize the dosage use of the anticancer drug, shikonin derivatives, against human chronic myeloid leukemia
Khan Behlol Ayaz Ahmed,Santanu Kar Mahapatra,Mamilla R. Charan Raja,Shankar Subramaniam,Megarajan Sengan,Narendran Rajendran,Sandeep Kumar Das,Kuntal Haldar,Somenath Roy,Aravind Sivasubramanian,Veerappan Anbazhagan RSC Adv. 2016 6 18980
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Shikonin-mediated up-regulation of miR-34a and miR-202 inhibits retinoblastoma proliferation
Yan Su,Shiyou Lu,Jincun Li,Liya Deng Toxicol. Res. 2018 7 907
紫草素的理化性质
性状：紫色片状结晶或结晶性粉末
右旋紫草素熔点：147～149℃
旋光度：+138°(苯)
密度：1.373g/cm3
沸点：567.4ºC at 760mmHg
闪点：311ºC
折射率：1.642
溶解度：不溶于水，溶于乙醇、有机溶剂和植物油。易溶于碱水，遇酸又沉淀析出。
紫草素生产方法
以紫草的根为原料,在165～170℃下用4倍量(质量)精制的豆油浸提6min,然后用稍多于豆油的95%的乙醇(体积比)分2次萃取浸提液;乙醇萃取液在80kPa的真空度下浓缩,再滤去不溶物即得成品。
紫草素功能主治
用于急性黄疸型或无黄疸型肝炎、慢性肝炎、扁平疣等的治疗，有较好疗效。对肝硬变（腹水）、寻常疣也有效。
紫草素的药理作用
具有抗癌、抗炎、抗菌等作用。临床用于治疗急、慢性肝炎、肝硬化(腹水)。皮肝科用于治疗扁平疣、银屑病，局部应用治疗烧伤和促进伤口愈合。滴眼剂用于治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎，对上皮型树枝状和浅实质层树枝状角膜炎有一定疗效。油剂用于治疗婴儿皮炎、湿疹、阴道炎、子宫颈炎等。含有本品的牙膏可防治牙龋和牙龈炎。亦可用于药物、化妆品及食品的着色剂。
